Morocco is among the African countries being discussed as potential candidates for permanent membership of the UN Security Council, as renewed calls from China for greater African representation revive questions over which countries could occupy the proposed seats.
Speaking at the Global Governance Forum in Xiong’an on October 23, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi called for reforms that would increase developing countries’ representation on the Council, with special attention to Africa’s demands.
His remarks follow a September 2024 proposal by the United States to create two permanent Security Council seats for African countries, although Washington opposed extending veto powers to new members.
Which African countries could claim the seats?
Morocco, South Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, Algeria and Ethiopia have all featured in discussions about potential African representation, reflecting their differing diplomatic, economic and regional roles.
For Morocco, potential arguments include its participation in UN peacekeeping operations, diplomatic engagement across Africa, investments in other African economies and security cooperation with international partners.
The kingdom’s constitution also identifies stronger cooperation and solidarity with African countries, particularly those in the Sahel and sub-Saharan Africa, as a national commitment.
South Africa could point to its diplomatic profile and experience in multilateral institutions, while Nigeria’s population and regional influence make it another country frequently mentioned in discussions about African representation.
Egypt brings longstanding diplomatic experience, a significant military establishment and a strategic position linking Africa and the Middle East. Ethiopia hosts the African Union headquarters, while Algeria has an established role in African diplomacy and regional security discussions.
However, no agreement has been reached on which countries would occupy any new permanent seats.
Africa demands veto powers
A major obstacle remains the difference between international reform proposals and Africa’s collectively adopted position.
Under the Ezulwini Consensus, the African Union demands at least two permanent seats with full privileges, including veto powers while those powers continue to exist, alongside five non-permanent seats.
The US proposal excludes new veto rights, creating a significant difference with the African position.
The African Union also maintains that Africa should select its own representatives, rather than have individual countries designated by outside powers.
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